Kidney Stones

A kidney stone normally begins as a small crystal-like material and it gradually builds up into a larger, solid mass.

Calcium oxalate stones are the most common type of kidney stone. The following six steps can be taken to reduce the risk of forming calcium oxalate stones:

1. Eat fewer high-oxalate foods

High-oxalate foods to limit are: spinach, bran flakes, rhubarb, beets, potato chips, French fries, nuts and nut butters.

2. Increase the amount of calcium in your diet

Low amounts of calcium in your diet will increase your chances of forming calcium oxalate kidney stones.

Many people are afraid to eat calcium because of the name "calcium oxalate stones."

In fact, calcium binds oxalate in the intestines and helps reduce the amount of oxalate being absorbed by your body, so stones are less likely to form.

3. Limit the vitamin C content of your diet

Oxalate is produced as an end product of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) metabolism.

Large doses of Vitamin C may increase the amount of oxalate in your urine, increasing the risk of kidney stone formation. If you are taking a supplement, do not take more than 500 mg of Vitamin C daily.

4. Drink the right amount of fluids every day

It is very important to drink plenty of liquids. Your goal should be 10-12 glasses a day. At least 5-6 glasses should be water.

5. Eat the right amount of protein daily.

Eating large amounts of protein may increase the risk of kidney stone formation. Your daily protein needs can usually be met with 2-3 servings a day, or 4 to 6 ounces.

6. Reduce the amount of sodium in your diet.

Reduce the amount of sodium in your diet to 2-3 grams per day.

Limit eating processed foods such as hot dogs, deli meats, sausage, canned products, dry soup mixes, sauerkraut, pickles, and various convenience mixes.

Reference:

Finkielstein, V. A., & Goldfarb, D. S. (2006). Strategies for preventing calcium oxalate stones. Cmaj, 174(10), 1407-1409.